Sources Markscheme


Mark scheme for Source evaluation nursing question



Question 1


Level 1: simple regurgitation of source = 1 mark
General comprehension of source e.g. A précis of what it says about nursing before the end of the 19th = 2 marks

Level 2: clear comprehension of the source and some general comment about what else the source tells us. For instance, societal attitudes "The source also tells us that nurses were held in very low esteem by the public so much so that they appeared in famous works of fiction" = max 4 marks

Level 3: clear comprehension of the source at a sophisticated level e.g.
"We can learn much about early nursing from this source. It is clear from the source that the work of a nurse was regarded to be just above that of the prostitute. The source suggests that the status of the nurse declined to this level after the Reformation and the closure of catholic hospitals. Hospitals and the nurses within them became desperate places only for the poorest groups who could not afford proper care. Nurses were not professional and from my own knowledge I know that there was no attempt to train them as such. Moreover the source shows that public attitudes towards nurses and nursing were clearly negative. The fact that Dickens's identified the "stereotypical" nurse in his portrayal of "Sairey Gamp" suggests that this was a commonly held view" (6 marks)


Question 2


Level 1: simplistic answer e.g. "They are both useful…" followed by a regurgitation of the source = max 2 marks

Level 2: The candidate begins to realise that the sources are useful for different aspects of the history of nursing e.g. "This is a hard question to answer because both the sources are useful. Source 3 would be useful if you wanted to know about the resistance women who wanted to enter medicine faced, whereas source 4 gives some information on the contribution of Mary Seacole to the history of nursing = max 4 marks

Level 3: As above but with closer analysis, and also begins to see the link between usefulness and reliability EG.
"The line of enquiry given in the question is a broad one indeed, therefore it is not surprising that the sources are useful for different aspects of the history of nursing. Source 3 is a good example of some male attitudes at the time and is therefore a good starting point for someone looking at the resistance women faced in gaining access to the medical profession as a whole rather that nursing specifically. It is from an article in the "Lancet" so is likely to have been written by a doctor. However it is only one view and should not be taken to represent the views of all male doctors at this time. Source 4 is useful for someone studying the role of the black nurse Mary Seacole during the Crimean war. Although the source gives a glowing account of what a good nurse Seacole was, it is important to remember that this is the opinion of one man, a man we know very little about. The source also does not give us any insight into Mary Seacoles broader role in the raising of the status of the nurse. To conclude both sources are useful, but for different aspects of the history of nursing, and usefulness of both sources is limited by the reliability factors listed above" = max 6


Question 3


Level 1: candidate answers "Yes" and lists some of the improvements made by Florence Nightingale showing a basic comprehension of the source = 2 marks

Level 2: candidate answers "Yes" and lists fluently all the improvements made by Florence Nightingale from the source and also brings in some outside knowledge = max 4 marks

Level 3: as above, but the candidate realises that there is a difference between instruction and reality e.g. "Source 6 shows that Nightingale offered some sensible instructions to nurses that would lead to great improvements to the standard of nursing identified in source 1, but we have no evidence that these instructions were introduced and carried out everywhere. The candidate also realises that the personal practice of Florence Nightingale may not have been introduced everywhere and that improvements in one training school does not prove that there was similar progress everywhere 8 marks






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